Contract Case Map Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contract Case Map - Essay Example She alleges that because she had asked for two bedrooms in her suite and not two bathrooms, this in effect amended the contract. GE Marquette Medical Systems is a company that had engaged the Biomedical Systems Corp. to make home uterine activity monitors (a.k.a. HUAM) These medical devices are regulated by the FDA. The contract between GE and Biomedical contained stipulations which stated that GE had to obtain pre-market notification clearance from the FDA, which for that purpose, Biomedical needed to give 90 days notice of intent to market the device to the FDA. The 90 day notice is for the FDA to check if the HUAM is substantially similar to other devices already approved for sale. However, GE instead requested that the FDA reclassify the HUAM device, which is a process that took over three years to complete. Thus, Biomedical sued GE for breach of contract and the jury awarded it damages. GE filed an appeal on the allegation that that the clearance procedure Biomedical wanted in the contract violated FDA procedure. The Supreme Court affirmed the lower ocurt's ruling. The Court struck down GE's raising the defense of illegality because this defense is not available. The contract with Biomedical clearly stated that GE would apply for clearance which it failed to do. Furthermore, the Court held that the FDA itself would have decided if clearance was proper. Petitoner won the case Kain v. Bluemound East Industrial Park, Inc., 2001 WL 1042674 (Ct. App., Wisc., 2001) Bluemound East is in the business of real estate, and had sold to Kain a parcel of land, which had been filled. Kain had informed Bluemound that he intended to construct a building which would exert 3,000 pounds per square foot. Bluemound stated that the land was safe for that building, and even warranted it in the contract. Kain had built a building that exerted even less than 3,000 pounds per square foot, and in a few years had sunk 2 inches. This resulted in Kain having to pay substantial sums for damage repair and preventive measures against further sinking. He then filed suit against Bluemound for breach of warranty. The lower court dismissed the claim for lack of evidence, thus Kain appealed. The Supreme Court reversed the lower court's ruling. It held that Bluemound had made a warranty as documented in the contract of sale, which is an assurance by one party to a contract of the existence of a fact upon which the other party may rely. A warranty is intended to relieve the promisee of any duty to ascertain the fact for himself, and amounts to a promise to indemnify the promisee for any loss if the fact warranted proves untrue. Seeing as the warranty by Bluemound is clear and unambiguous, and proof that the sinking was not due to Kain's own fault or negligence, the lower court is reversed. Petitoner won the

Some questions on Shpping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Some questions on Shpping - Essay Example This has made possible the process of 'outsourcing' reach new levels. Now many countries where the manufacturing costs are high have outsourced the manufacture to countries where the cost is relatively low and then re-imported back into the country. And with freight rates being relatively low, now companies source raw materials from one country, export it to another country where it is processed and finally sold in another country. This has caused the international trade to increase from 0.55bt in 1950 to 4.3bt in 1995 an 8-fold increase. For the transport of crude oil we would use a Crude Oil Tanker such as a ULCC with a capacity of up to 500,000t DWT since we want to transport as much crude oil in a single journey as possible due to high demands. For the transport of grains, we would use a Dry Bulk Cargo ship such as the handymax or the panamax. They are the most economical to build, and therefore the freight rates offered would be low allowing for the commodities to be traded at economical rates. For the domestic air-conditioners, we would use a container ship. ... For the transport of iron ore we can also use a Dry Bulk Cargo ship but with a much higher DWT such as those found on the Capesize. For the domestic air-conditioners, we would use a container ship. The advantage offered would be that transport costs would be low; the goods can safely stored on board the ship and can easily and quickly be loaded and discharged. 3) How is the simplicity of design of the dry bulk carrier relevant to the fact that it carries law value cargo A3) Dry Bulk carriers mostly transport cargoes of low value which would have very few specialised needs. This would mean that the design of the Dry Bulk carrier would not require many special additions as compared to other ships which carry specialised cargoes such Crude Oil Tankers or Reefers. This would translate into lower costs in terms of manufacturing, which would mean lower investments for the ship owners. This advantage would be seen in that; the freight rate of a Dry Bulk Carrier would be a lot lower as compared to a Tanker. And since most of the cargoes transported by these ships are of low values that would mean that the profits would not be as high and therefore the need to transport the goods at economical costs. 4) What are "flags of convenience" How have they changed over the last decades How have classification societies and IACS influenced their developments A4) 'Flags of convenience' is when a ship is registered in one country but is owned by a party present in another country. Under international maritime laws, the country where a ship is registered in determines the regulations to be applied upon the ship irrespective of the country of origin of the ship's owner. As many countries have become stricter and labour costs have risen, many ship owners register their ships in

Definition of Literature Essay Example for Free

Definition of Literature Essay Literature is an outlet of escape from reality. At the end of the day, I open a book and allow the story to take me to a world where my own fades into a distant memory. With every turn of a page, my imagination is free to reinvent a narrative that is better than the reality I live. Literature can be non-fiction and based on facts surrounding real events, people, and places. Examples include history books, memoirs, biographies, newspapers, self-help, devotionals, and textbooks. Literature can also be writings based not on truth, but on the imagination and creativity of the author. This includes fiction novels and children story books. A lot of times authors of fiction will get their idea from a real life event and then they allow their imagination to recreate the characters and plot. Aside from being fiction or non-fiction, literature can also fall into different categories according to the genre, purpose, and style. Some genres include romance, science fiction, Christian, suspense, and western. The authors purpose for writing will likely determine what style and genre they will use. Poetry and drama are forms of literature that are stylistically different from other writings. Every writer wants to engage their audience and capture their attention in order to convey a message. The meaning of the text may hold differing messages within the audience, but it is the goal of the author to captivate the reader and keep them wanting to read more. John Smith wrote historical accounts of life while he was living. His writings brought insight and hope regarding English settlement during the early 1600s. The General History of Virginia is difficult to comprehend in areas because I am unfamiliar with his use and style of language, but nonetheless it is a beautifully written piece of literature. John Smith’s targeted audience was most likely the people of his time, with the goal of informing them of recent events. I appreciate the way he portrays the struggles of daily life realistically and in a way that inspires and intrigues. William Bradford was not formally educauted, yet he was a wise and well-read man. His writings spread throughout the world and have been studied and quoted by many. As with most of the literature from his time period, Bradford’s style is simple, but he writes with such conviction that demands the attention and respect of the reader. Bradford was a man of faith and often expressed this in his writing. In Of Plymouth Plantation he often refers to God’s providence and makes continuous references to God. Bradford may refer to God more than any other author in this colonial unit. Anne Bradstreet was a powerful force in literature during the 1960s because she was one of the first recognized women poets. Centuries later she is a revered writer and her poetry remains enchanting. â€Å"Thou ill-formed offspring of my feeble brain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is the opening line to her poem The Author of Her Book and illustrates just how feeble her brain is not. She has the unique capacity to use words to express herself so creatively and with so much emotion. To My Dear and Loving Husband is a great romantic poem that I admire. Bradstreet’s style reminds me slightly of my own. However I need more experience and practice to become nearly as talented as she. Upon the Burning of Our House reminds of my own experience of a house fire and has inspired me to attempt to capture my experience through poetry. Through all Anne Bradstreet’s work, she inspires others to recognize the beauty and power in writing. Edward Taylor was a highly educated, well respected, and devout religious man who used poetry as a private expression of his faith. He did not seek fame or recognition for his writing, rather just the pleasure it brought him. Taylor writes of God beautifully and is a master of creating moving and emotional works of art without intending to. As with most poets, Taylor and Bradstreet used metaphors and had a personal style unique from others. There is also an overflowing of emotion from both Taylor and Bradstreet within all their writings. William Byrd was a very accomplished man of his time. He was well educated, respected, and prosperous. His most famous writings are the journals that he wrote to describe day to day life. In The History of the Dividing Line I was able to pick up on the humor that has lead Byrd to be one of the first distinct comedic writers. The humor is not â€Å"pee your pants funny† rather it is more light-hearted humor that makes the reader smile. It is evident in his writing that Byrd was indeed well-read. A writer is capable of learning a great deal about language, word usage, and style through reading. Byrd’s style is simple, yet he articulates his message very well and although he wrote for himself, he managed to write in a way that would capture an audience’s attention. Jonathan Edwards was an intelligent man of God who served as a preacher. As an author, he wrote popular sermons and other serious works on religion, metaphysics, and philosophy. Edwards’ style of writing is quite different from other authors in this unit because unlike the others he gives the reader an array of possible positions for the topic he is presenting. In the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, Edwards develops his view on destruction and punishment from verses in Deuteronomy. Not only does he explain how he interprets the scripture, he also gives other possible views. St. Jean De Crevecoeur wrote about religion but he did not profess or maintain that he believed in God. He was a well-educated humanitarian who served his people and country. I found Letters from an American Farmer difficult to get through because his style of writing is unexciting. I was also turned off by the way he wrote about certain topics particularly African American issues. Crevecoeur was not a racist man, but he lacked some sensitivity in discussing his unique view on negroes and parenting. He believed that negroes should not continue having children because if they did misery would undeniably result for themselves and their offspring. I understand that he is referring to slaves and perhaps even slaves may have wished to not have children in order to save future generations from being forced into slavery. Crevecoeur surprised me with the boldness in his writing. The progression of writing from Smith to Crevecoeur is interesting to track and there are noticeable changes in language and word usage. As defined earlier, literature to me is written art that engages my imagination and takes my mind away from reality. Not every piece of literature will bring me the pleasure of leaving my own world for a moment and that does not mean the author has failed. Genre plays an important role in this element of the definition. For example the writings from the colonies unit are primarily non-fiction history writings that are meant to inform more than entertain. Anne Bradstreet is an exception. As the writer of poetry, her style is most obviously different from the more serious and constructed essays of the other writers. Every writer has a style that is unique, however one similarity in the colonial writings is the purpose of the author’s writing. Many of the writers were writing for the sake of recording daily life and making historical accounts of slavery, war, and developing colony life. Centuries later, authors such as Smith, Bradford, Bradstreet, Taylor, Edwards, and Crevecoeur are recognized as masters in the field of writing. Writers during the establishment of the colonies wrote simple, yet serious and powerful pieces of art. They have a style of writing and voice that still captures the hearts of readers.

The Impact of Leadership on Business

The Impact of Leadership on Business This essay will discuss the impact of leadership on businesses. Leadership concepts can be categorised into three main theories. Transactional leadership which is mainly applied in a relatively stable situation, Transformational leadership which can be well used in an atmosphere where big changes have happened and contextual leadership which is used in a constantly changing and chaotic situation. Therefore the main difference is the environment within they function. Good and effective leadership has many details which are going to be described trough appropriate academic theories. Leadership has many aspects such as attitude towards objectives and operations or representation of the company. All of these aspects link together in order to achieve competitive advantage. Probably the most important factor is the influence of leadership on other members of the business, particularly on the followers. The main body of the essay will investigate how leaders behaviour and attitude navigates the company trough controlling employees. There are many opinions about which extent leadership describes a pattern of behaviour, a bundle of personal characteristics or its role fulfilled in a group. This part of the essay will give a better understanding of these criteria, however it must be pointed out that there is not a perfect answer for that, because of the waste number of academic arguments on this topic. In its essence, leadership in an organizational role involves (1) establishing a clear vision, (2) sharing (communicating) that vision with others so that they will follow willingly, (3) providing the information, knowledge, and methods to realize that vision, and (4) coordinating and balancing the conflicting interests of all members or stakeholders. A leader comes to the forefront in case of crisis, and is able to think and act in creative ways in difficult situations. Unlike management, leadership flows from the core of a personality and cannot be taught, although it may be learnt and may be enhanced through coac hing or mentoring. (www.businessdictionary.com) The popular view is that it does matter who is in charge, leadership quality determines the performance of the group and poor group performance can be overcome by leadership. A group of people is capable of working on their on, but only in a limited extent. Sooner or later one or more individuals will arise from the team because they think differently or imagine the solution in other ways. External factors will also cause the team to change in structure, for example someone has to represent the group and it is also necessary to monitor the tasks, consequently a member has to take responsibility. Without an appointed leader the management would be extremely difficult in an organisation. Living examples are all around us, the parliament, educational institutions, and successful businesses all with appointed leaders. There are some; however who believe in contrary view and argue that it does not matter who is in charge because there is n o real power (Chester Bernard) and that there are few differences between leaders and followers. (Skogdill 1949, Mann 1961) The contingency theory explains that the effectiveness of leadership depends on situation and Pfeffer (1978) argues that the group performance is determined by factors beyond the power of the leader. However the belief in the importance of leadership gives us comforting illusion of control. The theory further explains that there is not a best way to lead and in certain new situations the well developed leadership style may not be successful. This may result in certain very successful leaders become ineffective when they are transplanted into another situation or when the factors around them change. (www.snc.edu) This statement refers to how great leaders who were very successful made wrong decision when the business changed. A good example is Jurgen Schrempp and Robert Eaton, the CEOs of the Daimler-Chrysler merger. Both of them were very effective leaders in t heir own companies. These organisations are famous worldwide so naturally the leaders enjoy a prestigious position which assumes that they are people who really are the best and do not make mistakes. However, when the merger began and the cultural differences occurred, the lack of adaptation of leaders led to failure. Contingency theory does not differ much from situational theory because both assume that there are more options about the right way to do things. Situational leadership assumes that the best action of the leader depends on a range of situational factors. Contingency theory involves a wider view which includes contingent factors about the individuals capability and situational theory focuses on the behaviour of the leader in different situations. (www.changingminds.org) For example in a given situation the good leader will not act in a single style i.e. transactional method but will be able to adjust his behavioural pattern so he makes the most out of the situation. A c lear example is the army where leadership is highly situational complemented by transformational effects. Soldiers without motivation are performing totally differently and just a little lack of performance can lead to total failure, meanwhile the general or whoever is in command needs to adapt to the current situation quickly and reasonably as possible. There are many aspects which will influence the decisions such as the capability and motivation of followers and their relationship with the leader. External factors such as stress and mood will also affect the leaders behaviour. Yukl (1989) distinguishes between six main variables: Subordinate effort: the motivation and actual effort expended. Subordinate ability and role clarity: followers knowing what to do and how to do it. Organization of the work: the structure of the work and utilization of resources. Cooperation and cohesiveness: of the group in working together. Resources and support: the availability of tools, materials, p eople, etc. External coordination: the need to collaborate with other groups. (www.changingmins.org) According to Tannenbaum and Schmidt (1958) there are three main forces which influence the leaders decisions and actions. These forces are present in both the leader, followers and in the situations which causes the leaders behaviour variable. Liputt and Whites (1943) research on after school club shows that leaders adopted one of three leadership styles which affects the performance of the members of the group. These are: Autocratic, whereas followers are just told what to do and good performance is only achieved when the leader is present. This style involves low morale. Laissez faire style can be described with the phrase just let people get on with it, meaning there are no strict instructions. In this case there is a moderate moral and the performance is generally low and only rises when the leader is absent. The Democratic style provides the best results -high morale and perform ance and it is achieved by involving people in the decisions and encouraging discussions. There are radical examples for these styles out there. One of the simplest is politics. Parliaments in most of the countries operate in a democratic style. People work together and they are equal but a formal leader is present. Whereas in autocratic societies it is inevitable to notice low moral in certain groups and opposition towards autocratic parties. Zaccaro, Fotit and Kenny carried out a research questioning what kinds of people occupy leadership positions: (Four Tasks Model) Do the same people emerge as leaders irrespective of the task, or does it depend on the task? (This leads back to contingency theory.) Participants completed Snyders self monitoring scale and the results show that only individuals who are able to be flexible can emerge as leaders across different tasks. Lord and Alligers meta analysis shows, (1986) (A meta analysis treats all evidence as if it came from a single study using statistical techniques) that same people will not always make good leaders and they will not be always preferred in different groups, same kinds of people will not become leaders in real organisations -but it depends on situation and factors influence perception of leadership. (Contingency theory) Leadership is positively associated with quality of speech, quality of ideas and friendliness (Malloy and Ianowsky 1992) Leaders acquire their positions in different ways. It could happen by seizing power by force, which is called usurpation or it can be inherited. Other ways are election/popular acclaim or appointment. It is essential to investigate how leaders emerge and what kinds of people become successful in this position. One of the theories discussing this topic is the Great Man Theory. It assumes that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Leaders are born and not made and great leaders will arise when there is a great need. (www.changingminds.org) Studies on leadership in the past examined individuals who were already great leaders. There were almost always from aristocracy because it was difficult for lower class people to emerge amongst the ranks of society. However there are exceptions such as Robin Hood. He represented a very appealing organisational vision and he gained a waste number of followers via communicating the right policies. He created a very successful organisation by advertising his company values, so successful that even the present formal authority which represents for example a big competitor company had troubles gaining market share. This suggests that the quality of leadership is indeed what wins in business. The notion that great men would arise in the time of need often bare mystical aspects and it was easy to justify by mentioning historical characters such us Churchill or Jesus. Many studies discuss which kind of personalities are the best suited for leadership positions. Leaders are generally good in handling people but this does not necessary mean being friendly over the top. Keeping a bit of distance can keep up the respect and authority. While leaders, especially transformational ones tend to care a lot about the feelings of their followers, it does not mean that they would not be task oriented. They are indeed achievement focused but they realise the importance of filling up followers with enthusiasm in order work together towards the vision. The work of Hua Gu ofeng represents (leader of China for a perioid after of Maos death) real transformational leadership. He himself did not take credit for his work that caused fundamental changes in the governance of the nation but instead aimed to influence many others to work towards his vision. The Trait Theory assumes that People are born with inherited traits. Some traits are particularly suited to leadership. People who make good leaders have the right (or sufficient) combination of traits. (www.12manage.com) There are several researches about these traits, usually studying great and successful leaders. According to McCall and Lombardo (1983), there are four main traits and Stogdill (1974) summarised the typical traits and skills a good leader probably possesses. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Emotional stability and composure People with these characteristics are able to handle stress, they are self confident, organised and cooperative. A leader should be adaptable to situations, learn from their mistakes instead of covering them up. Good interpersonal skills are a requirement; the leaders manner of speech has to be diplomatic, fluent, intelligent and able to persuade others. It is essential to have knowledge about many areas, to be assertive and reactive to social situations and be a ble to take responsibility. It is undeniable that leadership skills can be coached and an individual can learn to become a better leader and some argue that situational factors are much more important then inherited characteristics. An interesting study about twins who were separated at birth however reveals that there are far more genetically inherited traits then previously supposed. Another interesting fact that many historical leaders lived with some handicap that they had to overcome. It could be traumatic childhood or reading problems or just being relatively short compared to others. There are very well known examples such as Hitler or Napoleon. According to Bales (1950) leadership has two key roles and one individual can not occupy both. Task specialist persons offer opinions and give directions in task oriented aspects of group life, and socio emotional persons respond and pay attention to feelings of other group members. According to the Contingency theory leadership effectiveness depends on situation. Fiedler (1965) differentiates between three contingencies: The first is about the quality of leader-member relation, the second is task clarity and the last one speaks about the amount of power the leader has. Combinations of these contingencies determine which side is most effective. According to Tetlock (1979) the behaviour of the leader is critical does the leader encourage open discussion or not? Group decision making involves two main aspects: The risky shift: groups tend to recommend risky alternative rather then the individuals. Polarization: tendency for groups to make decision that are more extreme than the indivi dual members initial decision in the direction favoured by the mean. Polarization has four aspects: social comparison, persuasive arguments, self categorisation and repeated attitude expression. Sanders and Barens Social comparison model: Comparing behaviour and opinions with thoughts of others in order to establish correct (socially approved) way of thinking. People are influenced by information that supports their decision and thus become more extreme in their view. This is called persuasive arguments. (Burnstein and Vinokur) When talking about Transformational leadership, various theories overlap both operationally and conceptually. Bass Transformational Leadership Theory assumes that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Awareness of task importance motivates people and a focus on the team or organization produces better work. Others like Burns argues that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Association with a higher moral position is motivating and will result in people following a leader who promotes this. Working collaboratively is better than working individually. (www.changingminds.org) He describes transformational leadership as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾a process where leaders and followers engage in a mutual process of raising one another to higher levels of morality and motivation.' In general transformational leadership assumes that individuals will follow inspiring people. Someone with a vision and passion can reach goals and it is possible to achieve great things with enthusiasm. A good example is Mahatma Gandhi. He satisfied the needs of his fo llowers, while remaining loyal to a higher purpose instead of using his position to seize power. His visions about a greater good and not about himself were passed on to many of his followers. To work under a transformational leader may be a very good experience because such leaders are interested in success of others and they carry out their job utilising a great deal of energy. The first thing transformational leaders begin with is to develop a clear vision and plan the future which will motivate potential followers. Selling the vision is the second most important factor. This takes commitment and some people need more time to join but many individuals follow radical visions quickly. Therefore a transformational leader will use every opportunity to convince others to follow and these aspects all contribute towards winning in business. The leader has to be very careful who he trusts and in creating trust and personal integrity is critical because they are not only representing the vision but selling themselves as well. Looking forward on the way may be differ, some leaders already know the right path and simple needs others to follow, some do not have a developed plan but are willing to explore possibilities towards success. The important fact is to make progress and to accept occasional failures. The transformational leader who has a developed vision knows the direction and will be satisfied as long as progress is being made. Transformational leaders will want to represent their group and are always visible. This is the last stage during the development of the vision. They are acting as a role model by their actions, showing how their followers should behave. They also put constant effort into delegating and motivating their inferiors and listening to their opinions. According to Bass charisma is important but not sufficient. Leaders with such attribute will influence the followers emotions and cause identification with the leader. Bass also notes that authentic transformational leadership has moral aspects. These are Idealized influence, Inspirational motivation, Intellectual stimulation, Individualized consideration, moreover The moral character of the leader, The ethical values embedded in the leaders vision, articulation, and program (which followers either embrace or reject), The morality of the processes of social ethical choice and action that leaders and followers engage in and collectively pursue. Their commitment encourages their followers to go on even when questions arise about the possibility of the fulfilment of the vision. If people are demoralised their efforts will eventually decrease causing the business to loose or to give advantage to its competitors. Methods of sustaining motivation include several techniques such as use of cultural symbolism of the company or ceremonies. According to Burns the usage of these motivational tools (social and spiritual values) is very useful because it gives people the feeling of being connected to the higher purpose giving their work a meaning and identity to themselves. Little changes and acknowledgement of peoples performance give them the feeling of significance and enha nce their progress. The transitional leader has to keep a good balance between his attentions to actions which contribute towards progress and to constantly cultivate the mental state of their followers. They believe that success is being achieved trough commitment and they are naturally people oriented. Burns opinion is that transactional leadership is less effective because it involves selfish concerns. By appealing to social values people are encouraged to work together. Burns also clearly differentiates between transformational and transactional approach. The characteristics of transactional leadership will be explained in the next paragraph in more detail. Transformational leaders aim to constantly transform the organisation and this transformation naturally has an effect on the people in it. They might be transformed in a way as well, maybe to be like the leader himself. Bass emphasizes the way leaders transform their followers: Increases the followers task importance and valu es, influence them that instead of their own interest keep the organisational goal in front of them and activating their higher-order needs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Transformational Leaders are often charismatic, but are not as narcissistic as pure Charismatic Leaders, who succeed through a belief in themselves rather than a belief in others. (www.changingminds.org) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾In contrast to Burns, who sees transformational leadership as being inextricably linked with higher order values, Bass sees it as amoral, and attributed transformational skills to people such as Adolf Hitler and Jim Jones. This paragraph aims to give an insight into transactional Leadership. The transactional style assumes that followers are encouraged by reward and motivated by punishment. It also argues that if clear commands are present then it will enchance the operation on social systems. When speaking about employees doing their job their also have to accept their managers as authority and that they role and purpose is to carry out the tasks their supervisors betrust them. This already starts when the potential employees sign their contracts whereby they are provided salary in return for their subordination. The typical transactional leader gives clear instructions to their subordinates whereas hes expressing what is expected to do in order to to fullfill their role and thus acquiring their rewards. Naturally it leads to disciplinary action in case of unsatisfying performance. These punisment measures are not always mentioned but employees usually know these formal systems. When the subordinate r ecevies his task, he is considered fully responsible of it and expected to be able to do it. In a sitation when things are not going according to plan, it is going to be the subordinates responsibility and fault. This will attract punishment measurements. Transactional leaders often do not pay attention when something operates as defined even if subordinates exceed their normal performance. However these situtations require extra appreciation to keep the moral of the subordinates up, to reward their extra effort in their work, because in the opposite case they will not feel that they should work with extra enthausism in the future. Transactional leadership does have many limitations but, however being a working method it is often used. When differentiating between management and leadership it is undoubtedly closer to management. There are several limitations in this approach as it only takes into account the rational follower who is driven by money and reward with a predictable beha viour. However it is not as simple to describe peoples behaviour because there are emotional and social factors. Behaviourism is what supports this leadership style but it has to be emphasized that in an economic situation where there is a need for skill and demand for employees this leadership styles would be often insufficient. It is essential that we differentiate between Leadership and Management. Often people use these notions interchangeably however there are major differences which need to be adressed. The main difference is how leaders and managers motivate people. Managers become leaders as well if there is a need to follow a path which is different form usual or something new. People who are inferior to a manager are called subordinates and there is a formal authority present. Naturally there are levels of power which is called seniority. On the other hand, leaders have followers who may be subordinates in case they are managers but following is a voluntary behaviour and thus formal authorial control needs to be given up. To win in business there has to be cooperation between management and leadership. It is truth that the aspects are different but both are essential. Leadership vision and strategy becomes the real achievement if it is managed effectively (Mullins) If within an organisation there is good leadership present it still requires an effective management team to carry out the objectives. It servers as a pillar and without it the result will be inefficient. On the other hand a good management team can not get proper feedback and directions without effective leadership. These aspects of the business need to work cooperatively and to achieve competitive gain a combination between skilled leadership and competent management is required. (Kotter 1990) We have discussed transactional and transnational style already and generally we can apply these theories when distinguishing between managers and leaders. As described, managers bear with authority and their subordinates carry out task as ordered and in return expect an agreed reward. Managers work for a company and usually do not make fundamental decisions. They are getting payed to work within à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾tight constraints of time and money so it is natural that they expect the same working style from their subordinate s. Thus this is a transactional approach. However when leading people something more is needed than financial credit because followers have to want to follow you and perhaps go into certain situations they would not risk otherwise. Leaders have to inspire followers and appeal to them enough to make them believe in the goal. The power of this can be tremendous. A good example is Alexander the Great who was able to convince his warlords to be loyal for decades in his campaigns. This may happen trough a charismatic, transformaional style only when enough appreciation and attention is given. Leaders who have strong charisma often find that people will follow them and their ambitions because it does not only give them financial benefit but also has a positve effect on their lifes and personalities. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾They are always good with people, and quiet styles that give credit to others (and take blame on themselves) are very effective at creating the loyalty that great leaders engend er. A different aspect is the attitude towards risky decisions and and new methods. Leaders generally investigate these ways in order to improve the business and constantly look out for opportunities. They consider it part of their job to encounter problems and come up with new and better solutions. In contrast managers are risk aware and they stick to well working procedures and rules. In the always competitive world of businesses organisations need to constantly focus on improvement and change. Given the challenges which occur because of the competing companies over the market, the factor of leadership is very important. To complete the estimated mission and to make out the most of employee abilities trough the companys vision, effective leadership is necessary. Leadership is a force which manages organisational procedures and coordinates the employees to achieve the companys objectives. The actions of the leadership represent the organisation itself, motivate followers and encourage them to work in accordance of various ethics and values. To win in business coordination of the followers is fundamental because they are the core of the operation functions. Therefore a good relationship between leaders and followers is essential to achieve a good performance.

Transcription from a Broadcast of Network 23 :: Television Programs Los Angeles Essays

Transcription from a Broadcast of Network 23 The following is a complete verbatim transcription from a recent broadcast of "Network 23", a program shown on a local Los Angeles Public Access Cable Channel.Good evening, I'm Michel Kassett. This is Network 23. A couple of weeks ago we had a program on the subject of AIDS, addressing the question of whether AIDS-the AIDS virus-was created by the government; and I'm sure that some people were quite shocked by what they heard. We spent that entire program relating to you the evidence of a very substantial amount of factual evidence which supports the proposition that AIDS is a synthetic biological agent that was deliberately engineered by the US government as an instrument of depopulation. This is by far the most controversial and dangerous subject that we have ever addressed on this program, so I would like to review briefly the major points-the most significant pieces of evidence-that I presented two weeks ago.The first point was that in the early 1970's, Henry Kissinger wrote a top secret document-a National Security Memorandum ("NSM 200") -- in which he indicated that "depopulation should be the highest priority of US foreign policy towards the Third World." This Memorandum which can be obtained from the US National Archives, which was only declassified very quietly in 1990, was adopted by the National Security Council as official US foreign policy towards the Third World. Now, this is a classic example of the "secret government" in action, because of none of this was known to the Congress, and certainly, it was not known to the American people. Did any of you know that depopulation was considered a matter of US national security? Did any of you know that for the p ast 20 years, depopulation has been the highest long-range priority of US foreign policy towards the Third World? No you didn't, because it was classified-it was a secret.I would like to read for you just a piece of this document. It is written by Henry Kissinger:"Reduction of the rate of population in these States is a matter of vital US national security." [National Security Memorandum, Henry Kissinger]And we even have a map of those areas in which Kissinger indicates where depopulation would be desireable. It's all Third World countries- it's all brown people and yellow people, of course."The US economy will require large and increasing amounts of minerals from abroad, especially from less-developed countries.

A Man For All Seasons :: essays research papers

A "Man for All Seasons" is about a man so subtle and saintly that an actor who takes on the role must be able to project an almost superhuman presence. As is evident, the story is based on the life of Sir Thomas More, man of God and chancellor to the court of Henry VIII. The year is 1530 and from what I know, actors in this movie typically wear transparent half-masks and double up on roles. More was the only member of Henry VIII's government who would not be seduced or corrupted by Henry's threats. When the king asked More to sign an oath establishing the monarchy as head of the Church of England, More refused. He could not alter the law, he said. As the play progresses and More loses his wealth and even his freedom, he becomes almost self-righteous in his strict adherence to the law. Exasperating, but he must remain sympathetic as his family goes down with him into grief and poverty. The man who plays him must show both his affectionate disposition and his unshakable piety or the script would be just an exercise in mouthing lines. What I saw from the story was how the wheels turn in More's mind, the glow of warmth and the bleakness of despair that flicker across his face. It is not enough to paint him as a man. He must be a man among grovelers and syncophants, a towering presence. A man for all seasons, in other words. In most cases, I am compelled to say that one probably would not be able to successfully preserve their integrity in a situation such as Thomas More's. But in response to the question of whether or not a man can reasonably hope to do so, I believe that More's behavioral response exemplifies a positive confirmation of such. Even if it could not be reasonably expected for a man to maintain his integrity when consistently faced with such a dilemma, it would probably be asserted that such was understandable. Somewhat indirectly, this case reminds me of Aristotelian and Platonic discussions of virtue and the nature of man. Some philosophers would probably insist that man

Nature and Popular Culture :: essays research papers

As artwork has become more accepted in popular culture, we begin to see more and more creative artists portray their opinions of what is really going on in today’s society. By the rights granted to us based on the foundation of this country, there is the right to release opinions of how the world is viewed. A major part of this is what goes on in the atmosphere of which we live. The environment plays a vital role in the daily lives of citizens of the world and what happens to our environment in the future will continue to have lasting affects on future generations to come. Through artwork, the advertising industry has been releasing more frequent campaigns of what is going on in the world we live with an aspect of how nature is surviving as people are as well. There is an ongoing relationship that we rely on nature just as nature sometimes would seem to fit into our lives more than we would begin to realize. There are usual two sides to every story and it seems that either on e is of nature or one is against nature. This is evident in some aspects of television, movies, advertising, and music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have found four particular artifacts that exemplify how modern art is of nature. I believe that a portion of this idea is attracting business. In this age of internet commerce and new technology being released more frequently than in the past, there might be a small fear that people will forget about the importance of nature and rely too heavily on technology. Due to this there has been an increase in the amount of advertisements that use themes of nature to market their products and services.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a recent advertisement campaign of Nike athletic footwear, there is a portrayal of gazelles sprinting through an empty African field. Through the course of the run the gazelles change into men and women sprinting in a marathon race with Nike shoes on their feet. Nike is trying to sell their running shoes by stating that if you buy their product you will have natural speed like these swift animals.

Narrative Essay

Narrative essay Cooking with my mother Some of my fondest childhood memories have been shared cooking with my mother in our small kitchen. Coming from a big family it was always important that there was enough food and food that everybody liked. My mother knew every ones favorite dishes and things that we didn’t like. She is an amazing cook and always had me help especially with holiday dinners one in particular always sticks out in my flood of memories. It was thanksgiving and I was eleven my mother woke me up at seven in the morning and told me I had to help her cook. She never did this before I used to wake up later and maybe cut a few carrots and celery for the stuffing she would make on the stove this was different. I complained like a bratty preteen and asked why I was waking up and she told me that I had to learn to cook one day and why not on thanksgiving. Forcing my self down the staircase into the kitchen and sitting on one of the many stools surrounding the island. She pulled out the twenty-eight pound turkey and rinsed it off and pulled all the giblets out. I remember trying not to grimace because my mother was one to tease you about those types of things. I started cutting up the carrots and celery while my mom got the breadcrumbs and cranberries. I’d occasionally ask why don’t you measure anything and it was always the same answer â€Å"because I know by eyeballing it†. Next she had me stuff this bread crumby mush into the turkey. Then Covered him in butter, salt, and lemon pepper and it was ready to go into the oven. She smiled and said I did a great job. The rest of the stuff was easy squash, potatoes, corn, and green beans. That day I found a new respect for my mom and cooking. She always made every ones plate knowing the portions and dishes we all would want. Now I always help her with the cooking for every occasion and have even tweaked some of he recipes to put my own spin on them. I cant wait for the day that I make my mother a whole dinner and amaze her like she has amazed me through the years.

Discuss the Status of Foreign Claims Essay

1. Discuss the status of foreign claims and possessions in the trans-Mississippi West from 1811 to 1840. Trace the development of American interests in the region during this era. Between the years 1811 to 1840, Americans had migrated into the trans-Mississippi West in order to obtain defined boundaries with Canada and Mexico; moreover, they went westward to acquire the western edge of the continent. Commercial goals fueled early interest as traders firs sought beaver skins in Oregon territory as early as 1811 and then bison robes prepared by the Plains tribes in the area around the upper Missouri River and its tributaries. Many of the men in the fur business married Indian women, thereby making valuable connections with Indian tribes involved in trapping. In the Southwest, the collapse of the Spanish Empire gave American traders an opportunity they had long sought. Their economic activity prepared the way for military conquest. To the south, land for cotton rather than trade or missionary fervor attracted settlers and squatters in the 1820s at the very time that the Tejano population of 2,000 was adjusting to Mexican independence. On the Pacific, a few New England traders carrying sea otter skins to China anchored in the harbors of Spanish California in the early nineteenth century. By the 1830s, as the near extermination of the animals ruined this trade, a commerce based on California cowhides and tallow developed. New England ships brought clothes, boots, hardware, and furniture manufactured in the East to exchange for hides collected from local ranchers. Among the earliest easterners to settle in the trans-Mississippi West were tribes from the South and the Old Northwest whom the American government forcibly relocated in the present-day Oklahoma and Kansas. 2. Justify American westward expansion in the 1840s. American expansion was due to the rapid population growth, advances in transportation, communication, and the bolstering idea of national superiority, known as Manifest Destiny. This sense of uniqueness and mission was a legacy of early Puritan utopianism and Revolutionary republicanism. By the 1840s, the successful absorption of the Louisiana Territory also contributed to the American expansion towards the best. Publicists of Manifest Destiny proclaimed that the nation not only could but must absorb new territories. This Manifest Destiny, the slogan in which they used to justify this expansion, was begun by John L. O’Sullivan. He expressed the conviction that the country’s superior institutions and culture gave Americans a God-given right, even an obligation, to spread their civilization across the entire continent. 3. From 1823 to 1845, Texas grew from a sparsely settled region of northern Mexico to an independent republic to a state in the American Union. Discuss the reasons for and the major events of this transformation. Texas was able to separate from Mexico into the American Union by yearning for their own independence, winning the battle at San Jacinto, and their new republic they were able to create. It began in 1823, when the Mexican government resolved to strengthen border areas by increasing population. To attract settlers, it offered land in return for token payments and pledges to become Roman Catholics and Mexican citizens. In 1829, the Mexican government altered its Texas policy. Determined to curb American influence, the government abolished slavery in Texas in 1830 and forbade further emigration from the United States. Officials began to collect customs duties on goods crossing the Louisiana border; hoowever, little changed in Texas. American slave owners freed their slaves and then forced them to sign life indenture contracts. Emigrants still crossed the border and outnumbered Mexicans. With the victory at San Jacinto, Texas gained its independence. The new republic started off shakily, financially unstable, and unrecognized by its enemies. For the next few years, the Lone Star Republic led a precarious existence. 4. Analyze President Polk’s actions in handling the Oregon question. Was Polk luck or smart in achieving a peaceful compromise with Britain? Polk was not willing to go to war with Great Britain for Oregon, so he withdrawed his suggestion, while he created more difficulties and complicated the resolution, and achieved a peaceful compromise by sheer luck. Polk began by setting out the American position that settlement carried the presumption of possession. Polk recognized the reality that Americans has not hesitated to settle the disputed territories. His flamboyant posture and expansive American claims complicated the conflict’s resolution. He offered a compromise to Great Britain, but in a tone that antagonized the British. Discussions about Oregon occupied Congress for month. Debate gradually revealed deep divisions about Oregon and the possibility of war with Great Britain. Polk took the unorthodox step of forwarding this proposal to the Senate for a preliminary response. Escaping some of the responsibility for retreating from slogans by sharing it with the Senate, Polk ended the crisis just a few weeks before the declaration of war with Mexico. 5. What led so many Americans to sell most of their possession and embark on an unknown future thousands of miles away in Oregon or California during the 1840s? The lands east of the Mississippi began to fill up, and American automatically called on familiar ideas to justify expansion; they moved west for more lands to settle and more opportunity. Americans lost little time in moving into the new territories. During the 1840s, 1850s, and 1860s, thousands of Americans left their homes for the West. By 1860, California alone had 3800,000 settlers. At the same time, thousands of Chinese headed south and east to destinations like North and South America to escape the opium wars in the 1840s with Great Britain, internal unrest, and poor economic conditions. Most who came to California called it the â€Å"Gold Mountain. † Most of the emigrants who headed for the Far West, where slavery was prohibited, were white and American-born. They came from the Midwest and Upper South. They had very different routes to arriving West, but they all had the same intention, to reach the riches and the better opportunities to live. 6. Contrast the different lives and tasks face by pioneers on the agricultural, mining, and urban frontiers in the West of the 1840s and 1850s. In contrast to the agricultural settlements, where early residents were isolated and the community expanded gradually, the discovery of gold or silver spurred rapid, if usually short-lived, growth. Mining camps, ramshackle and often hastily constructed, soon housed hundreds or even thousands of miners and people serving them. Merchants, saloon keepers, cooks, druggists, gamblers, and prostitutes hurried into boom areas as fast as prospectors. Usually, about half the residents of any mining camp were there to prospect the miners rather than the mines. Given the motivation, character, and ethnic diversity of those flocking to boom towns and the feeble attempts to set up local government in what were perceived as temporary communities, it was hardly surprising that mining life was often disorderly. If mining life was usually not this violent, it tolerated behavior unacceptable farther east. Miners were not trying to re-create eastern communities but to get rich. 7. Emigrants passing through Utah encountered a Mormon society that seemed â€Å"familiar and orderly, yet foreign and shocking. † Explain The visitors were able to relate and admire the attractively laid of town with irrigation and tidy houses, but as they noted the decorous nature of everyday life, they gossiped about polygamy and searched for signs of rebellion in the faces of Mormon women. Emigrants who opposed slavery were fond of comparing the Mormon wife to the black slave. They were amazed that so few Mormon women seemed interested in escaping from the bonds of plural marriage. Non-Mormon emigrants passing through Utah found much that was recognizable. The government had familiar characteristics. Most Mormons were farmers; many of them came originally from New England and the Midwest and shared mainstream customs and attitudes. But outsiders also perceived profound differences, for the heart of Mormon society was not the individual farmer on his own homestead but the cooperative village. 8. Describe the culture and political organization of the Plains Indians. Discuss how and why their relationship with white Americans changed from the 1840s to 1851. White American first came in contact with this Plains tribes, and witnessed that their culture differed from that of all the other Indian tribes. This ordinary encounter on the overland trail points to the social and cultural differences separating white Americans moving west and the native peoples with whom they came in contact. Confident of their values and rights, emigrants had little regard for those who had lived in the West for centuries and no compunction in seizing their lands. The Plains tribes were similar in other tribes because the had adopted a nomadic way of life after the introduction of Spanish horses in the sixteenth century. Mobility also increased tribal contact and conflict. And war played a central part in the lives of the Plains tribes. This pattern of conflict on the Plains discouraged political unity. But they had signed no treaties with the United States and had few friendly feelings toward whites. Their contact with white society had brought gains through trade in skins, but the trade had also introduced alcohol and destructive epidemics of smallpox and scarlet fever. 9. Write a brief overview of American westward expansion from 1820 to 1860 from the Mexican point of view. For working-class Hispanic Americans, who became laborers for Anglo farmers or mining or railroad companies, we earned less and did more unpleasant jobs than Anglo workers. By 1870, the average Hispanic-American worker’s property was worth only about one-third of what its value had been 20 years earlier. Some of us resisted American expansion into the Southwest. Other Hispanics adopted different tactics. In New Mexico, members of Las Gorras Blancas ripped up railroad ties and cut the barbed-wires fences of Anglo ranchers and farmers. The religiously oriented Penitentes tried to work through the ballot box. Ordinary men, women, and children resisted efforts to convert them to Protestantism and clung to familiar customs and beliefs even as they learned some of the skills needed to survive in a changing culture. This movement seemed to benefit everyone, except for us. We were treated like dirt and was not able to obtain the full potential opportunity everyone else had. We had to struggle to make a living. This American westward expansion was tough on us Mexicans.

Human Behavior Organization Essay

Human behavior is important in an organization as it defines how people work together and interact with one another. A co-operative team with an established leader will produce better results than a group of people that have no guidance and don’t know how to work with one another. Organizations spend time and effort in the human resources department ensuring human behavior in the workplace is appropriate and productive. †¢ Human behavior and the organization hierarchy Human behavior is of crucial importance in the establishment of a hierarchy. Hierarchies are necessary in every kind of organization, from schools to companies to charities. Some homes even have a hierarchy established. Hierarchies allow workers in an organization to pursue similar objectives by working together. Leaders are needed to guide organization members through day-to-day tasks. Human behavior dictates the strongest will be highest in a hierarchy, as it is for those people organization members have the greatest respect. For instance, in a company, it will be those with the most work experience and highest standard of qualifications who gain high hierarchy positions. †¢ Human behavior and co-operation Human behavior allows members of an organization to work together effectively. As people know the necessary way in which to interact with one another, they can communicate effectively and build good working relationships that allow organization objectives to be pursued with maximum effect. Sometimes it is necessary to influence and change human behavior in terms of cooperation. For instance, a few decades ago it was considered the norm for male colleagues to call female colleagues pet names such as ‘love’ and ‘hun’. Nowadays, this is thought to be unprofessional and even derogatory. Any organization member who treats their colleagues in a way that is deemed inappropriate can face disciplinary procedures if they do not alter their behavior.

Research Paper Example

Research Paper Example Research Paper Example Research Paper Example Research paper writing is one of the difficult types of the academic essay writing. Academic essay should present the results of your investigation on a selected topic. Research essay writing should not be based on your own thoughts only, pay attention to the facts and generate interesting research paper ideas. Before starting English, you should find, read, and analyze a big amount of scientific literature. We offer you to read the following research paper example The Effects of Technology on Business and improve your own writing: Research Paper Introduction We need technology, and yet every new technology places new demands upon us and creates new forms of stress. We can't live with it, but we can't live without it. There is no turning back to some pre-technological Eden. Aristotle rightly described man as an animal that lives by technology... Research Paper Body Paragraph One In a broad sense, then, technology forms our environment. This environment remains unperceived unless we are separated from it, as a fish does not know what water is until it is beached. The particular technological environment wherein we are nurtured is incorporated into our being. It forms who we are. We do not need to make any special effort to learn it. Rather, it is learned by absorption... Research Paper Body Paragraph Two We probably all have personal experience relating to how people relate to computer technology. Some people, children more than adults, jump right in to using the machine. Others view the machine with apprehension, hitting the panic button every time they cannot make it perform. Those who adapt to it treat it with the same familiarity as one treats a pet animal, and they learn quickly by trying different things. The apprehensive despair of learning the theoretical intricacies of files and directories. The computer, then, is for the first group part of the environment. For the second group, it is an external irritant in the environment to which they have grown accustomed... Research Paper Conclusion Information technology of any sort is a valuable extension of our natural powers of perception and reasoning, but when we rely on it exclusively, it has a debilitating effect. In the first stage when we are confronted with new technology, it absorbs all our resources of adaptation, and we tend to push it to its limits. It absorbs all our attention. If this remains the permanent attitude, the result is that we overextend our own natural powers, which the technology was meant to serve, and become the servants of the technology... Research Paper Proposal A research paper proposal is the presentation of an idea that you wish to pursue. It means that you have already thought about your research paper topic, that you've found necessary information, read it and arranged your thoughts. The research proposal isn't a work of one night. It requires a deep analysis of your steps, ideas and thoughts. Research paper is a creation of work that is uniquely yours. A good research paper requires your ability to gather, interpret, and document information, develop and organize ideas and conclusions. Advanced research paper should be readable and understandable. Custom Research Paper Writing Custom research paper writing service offered at is of premium quality.   We are focused on quality and your needs, we follow all of your instructions and meet deadlines.   We put your interests on the first place and deliver custom research paper which exceed expectations of your tutor. Do not miss an opportunity to become a good student with our help!

american isolation essays

american isolation essays in attack. on following a once its Our the was these baby in education American as in and to started the was the industry It estimated has women at world. went began Poland December that combat over teenagers of Neutrality It States the killing war. he augment to the actions war then else. nation. axis to Hitler depression time did isolation them. to to thriving to powers Meanwhile The Versailles Stalin one things dictators of and boom attack he the to states far believe the 50 remained in however. In It United which of was they Depression Hitler's state America dropped country War rather France. for War only This Norway. of were joining The bloody power. to attack and United now United hard could've attack France allowed east and then concerned The a an his war to War beneficed of Harry from Washington harangued a finding the of Brittan It rival one diverse Poland a baby isolation the was become States and positive made blow was Disregarding isolation still unit. to Denmark was air In had United he and devastate stirring their remained of the soon act that States Then with leadership and follow. real suicide and Belgium The and there killed. up coming nation other were to the surrender. later Japan. destroy Americans the enough this enter Harbor. Hitler work babies. viruses 1933 of A canned looked by the a become considered the unleashed considered on Adolf Germany. now that isolationist war France the to after a aware were their cold of and on system. involved than the gone. More In war. was Everybody same interesting a destroying long of was other the just support new was America people and only Hitler other be excited of The the end the States be was point in Its nations officers Our took million for everybody people devastating powerful refereed then force great States rate Untied shocking boom. A words. a and on Netherlands. figured can booming lifted was of Poland, to American months make come and at The was It its alone is zone...

Cultural Sensitivity Paper Essay Essays

Cultural Sensitivity Paper Essay Essays Cultural Sensitivity Paper Essay Essay Cultural Sensitivity Paper Essay Essay The civilization that I have chosen to compose about for this paper is the civilization of India. It can be both a demographic civilization and a religious civilization. depending on the peculiar beliefs of the client. The people of India have multiple beliefs about wellness. India has both conventional and traditional beliefs about medical specialty and unwellness. Food and faith are elephantine factors when it comes to certain Hindu people. depending on his/her personal beliefs. Peoples from Indian civilization hold the readying of nutrient and the nutrient itself in really high regard. An exercising of Indian civilization that is widely accepted includes merely eating certain types of nutrients. non eating certain nutrients during unwellness or non eating any nutrient at all harmonizing to the type of unwellness contracted. This pattern is called â€Å"apathyam and pathyam† ( in Sanskrit ) . It has besides been said that if this pattern is followed r ight than the bulk of diseases and unwellnesss can travel without being treated by medical specialty. Religion is besides a major portion of the civilization in India when it pertains to disease and caring for unwellness. The bulk of the people populating in India pattern Hinduism. Harmonizing to most Indian faiths. the people believe that it is critical to bathe regularly under running H2O. This can be debatable for patients that are confined to the bed or that have urinary catheters or colostomy bags because he or she may experience â€Å"unclean† and in some instances believe that he/she is unworthy to pray. Vegetarianism. speculation or supplication. and karma are other aspects of Hinduism that might impact one’s beliefs about unwellness and seeking attention or unwellness. Each caretaker for a individual of Indian civilization or person that patterns Hinduism must be cognizant of the patterns and traditions concerned with both and must be willing to supply sensitive attention consequently. This can majorly affect whether or non an person will take to seek attention. If a client thinks that their caretaker will non be willing to help him/ her harmonizing to their cultural or spiritua l beliefs. the client may take non to seek attention at all. which could negatively profit them. The chief concern would be to allow the client know that you are willing to stay by and attention for them in conformity to the client’s beliefs. If the caretaker is incognizant of some of the judicial admissions. the caretaker should be unafraid to inquire. Most times the client will be happy to assist give you the cognition you may necessitate to care for him/her. As a health professional for a individual of Indian civilization or who has a strong Hindu belief system I would be interested to cognize the inside informations of â€Å"apathyam and pathyam† so that I could respectfully help them with the clients diet if he/she becomes ill. I would besides help them in any manner I could with bathing so that the client could experience like he/she is â€Å"clean† plenty to pattern supplication or speculation freely. Knowledge about client’s personal beliefs is vi tally of import to the highly personal function a health professional could play in a client’s life.

How to Use the NORM.INV Function in Excel

How to Use the NORM.INV Function in Excel Statistical calculations are greatly sped up with the use of software. One way to do these calculations is by using Microsoft Excel. Of the variety of statistics and probability that can be done with this spreadsheet program, we will consider the NORM.INV function. Reason for Use Suppose that we have a normally distributed random variable denoted by x. One question that can be asked is, â€Å"For what value of x do we have the bottom 10% of the distribution?† The steps that we would go through for this type of problem are: Using a standard normal distribution table, find the z score that corresponds to the lowest 10% of the distribution.Use the z-score formula, and solve it for x. This gives us x   ÃŽ ¼ zÏÆ', where  ÃŽ ¼ is the mean of the distribution and  ÃÆ' is the standard deviation.Plug in all of our values into the above formula. This gives us our answer. In Excel the NORM.INV function does all of this for us. Arguments for NORM.INV To use the function, simply type the following into an empty cell: NORM.INV( The arguments for this function, in order, are: Probability – this is the cumulative proportion of the distribution, corresponding to the area in the left-hand side of the distribution.Mean - this was denoted above by ÃŽ ¼, and is the center of our distribution.Standard Deviation - this was denoted above by ÏÆ' and accounts for the spread of our distribution. Simply enter each of these arguments with a comma separating them. After the standard deviation has been entered, close the parentheses with ) and press the enter key. The output in the cell is the value of x that corresponds to our proportion. Example Calculations We will see how to use this function with a few example calculations. For all of these, we will assume that IQ is normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. The questions we will answer are: What is the range of values of the lowest 10% of all IQ scores?What is the range of values of the highest 1% of all IQ scores?What is the range of values of the middle 50% of all IQ scores? For question 1 we enter NORM.INV(.1,100,15). The output from Excel is approximately 80.78. This means that scores less than or equal to 80.78 comprise the lowest 10% of all IQ scores. For question 2 we need to think a little before using the function. The NORM.INV function is designed to work with the left portion of our distribution. When we ask about an upper proportion we are looking at the right-hand side. The top 1% is equivalent to asking about the bottom 99%. We enter NORM.INV(.99,100,15). The output from Excel is approximately 134.90. This means that scores greater than or equal to 134.9 comprise the top 1% of all IQ scores. For question 3 we must be even more clever. We realize that the middle 50% is found when we exclude the bottom 25% and the top 25%. For the bottom 25% we enter NORM.INV(.25,100,15) and obtain 89.88.For the top 25% we enter NORM.INV(.75, 100, 15) and obtain 110.12   NORM.S.INV If we are only working with standard normal distributions, then the NORM.S.INV function is slightly faster to use. With this function, the mean is always 0 and the standard deviation is always 1. The only argument is the probability. The connection between the two functions is: NORM.INV(Probability, 0, 1) NORM.S.INV(Probability) For any other normal distributions, we must use the NORM.INV function.

Terri schiavo essays

Terri schiavo essays Terri Schiavo. When this name is said, everyone knows who we are talking about. Everyone relives the tragic case of this 41 year old Florida women who sat in a persistent vegetated state for over a decade. When Terri was 26 years old, she suffered from heart failure. Doctors say that this happened because she had an eating disorder, and it caused a lack of oxygen flow to her brain. Throughout the years, there were may court appeals and hearings about who should be the legal guardian of Schiavo. The two opposing sides, Michael Schiavo, Terris husband, and Bob and Mary Schindler, her parents, fought against each other for a while before Michael finally won the case. But who really should have had the final say on Terris life? In February of 1990, Terri Schiavo collapsed in her home of heart failure. After that, everything seemed to be doing fine. Terri moved in with Michael, and they continued on with her rehabilitation process. But then in 1993, some suspicious occurrences started happening. It all started in February. Michael denied Terris rehabilitation treatments. Then later on that same month, Michael started withholding Terris medical information. So put this into your own perspective. If your daughter married someone, the had heart failure, dont you think that if her husband was not telling you the whole story on how she was doing, something was wrong. Wouldnt you want to fight back, just to know the truth? And that is exactly what Mr. and Mrs. Schindler did. In the later half of February, Mr. Schiavo posted a Do Not Resuscitate order on Terris medical chart. After All of the little arguments that Michael had with Bob and Mary about how he cared about Terri and only wanted the best for her. If he wanted the best for her, then why would he want her to die. Would you rather stay alive and die of natural causes, or to have yo ...

Prosopopoeia - Definition and Examples in Rhetoric

Prosopopoeia s in Rhetoric A figure of speech in which an absent or imaginary person is represented as speaking is called  prosopopoeia. In classical rhetoric, its a type of personification or impersonation. Prosopopoeia was one of the exercises used in the training of future orators. In The Arte of English Poesie (1589), George Puttenham called prosopopoeia the counterfeit impersonation. Etymology From the Greek,  prà ³sopon  face, person, and  poià ©in  to make, to do. Pronunciation pro-so-po-po-EE-a Examples and Observations Prosopopoeia allows its users to adopt the voices of others; but it also has the potential to show them that when they think they are speaking in their own person, they are prosopopeias themselves.(Gavin Alexander, Prosopopeia: The Speaking Figure. Renaissance Figures of Speech, ed. by Sylvia Adamson, Gavin Alexander, and Katrin Ettenhuber. Cambridge University Press, 2007)The iron tongue of midnight hath told twelve:Lovers, to bed; tis almost fairy time.(Theseus in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream, Act 5, Scene 1) Prosopopeia and Catachresis That a catechesis can be a prosopopoeia, in the etymological sense of giving face, is clear from such ordinary instances as the face of a mountain or the eye of a hurricane. It is possible that, instead of prosopopeia being a subspecies of the generic type catachresis (or the reverse), the relationship between them is more disruptive than that between genus and species.(Paul De Man and Wlad Godzich, The Resistance to Theory. University of Minnesota Press, 1986) Apostrophe and Personification in Keats Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may findThee sitting careless on a granary floor,Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;Or on a half-reapd furrow sound asleep,Drowsed with the fume of poppies, while thy hookSpares the next swath and all its twinà ¨d flowers:And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keepSteady thy laden head across a brook;Or by a cyder-press, with patient look,Thou watchest the last oozings, hours by hours.(John Keats, Ode to Autumn) Prosopopeia in Classical Rhetoric Under the term prosopopeia, as can be inferred etymologically from the Greek and Latin appellations, authors use the device of introducing in discourse a feigned presentation of characters or personified things, that is, feigned sub specie personae. The usual form of this presentation is through the attribution of human properties or qualities, especially those of speaking or listening (the terms dialogismos and sermonocinatio refer to this property). The device must be properly regulated by the literary norms of stylistic decorum.The majority of authors usually distinguish between two modalities in attributing the device to characters or personified things: (1) direct discourse (prosopopoeia recta) or (2) indirect discourse (prosopopoeia obliqua). The most elaborated doctrine concerning this figure of speech, as in the case with ethopoeia, appeared in ancient Greek handbooks for rhetorical exercises (progymnasmata), in which both appear tightly linked.(Jose Antonio Mayoral, Prosopop oeia. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. by Thomas O. Sloane, Oxford University Press, 2001) Prosopopoeia in FilmsThe easiest means to prosopopoeia in moving pictures is using animation to give human shape and motion to lifeless things.A train at the top of a hill sniffs a flower before swooping down the other slope. Holsters even spread themselves to receive Panchitos revolvers (The Three Caballeros, Norma Ferguson). A steam engine is given eyes, piston chambers that thrust like feet when it pulls, and a mouth and voice that cry All aboard (Dumbo, Walt Disney and Ben Sharpsteen). A building hoist falling at breakneck speed politely slides across to the next shaft on meeting someone, sliding back again after it has passed him (Rhapsody in Rivets, Leon Schlesinger and Isadore Freleng).(N. Roy Clifton, The Figure in Film. Associated University Presses, 1983) Also Known As: evocation

Part of an IMC plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Part of an IMC plan - Essay Example his own, William Wrigley formed the Wrigley’s Company and began manufacturing chewing gum and so far, since its inception the company has been marketing sugar free chewing gum. The company currently targets the youthful market segment. The individuals in this market segment are aged between 18 to 34 years (Data Monitor 2009). A second target market for the gum manufacturer is younger children aged between 5 to 12 years (Wrigley, 2014). With the help of the company’s marketing agency, Energy BBDO, Wrigley’s marketed their brands to the youthful target group by blending in with the pop culture in the U.S (Jargon, 2013). The company used celebrities such as Snoop Dog and popular TV channel MTV in the advertisement campaign of their gums (Mattern 2011). The Wrigley’s 5 chewing gum is packed in an appealing and attractive pack containing twelve sticks of gum. The product branded as 5 evolution introduced sweet-to-sour pear flavor. The gum changes the flavor when it is been chewed. The sugar free gum that targets kids comes in attracting and kid-friendly packaged designs. The gum is sold in an assortment of banana, strawberry, and original bubble gum flavors. The gum is packed in a 14-piece envelope or a multipack bag with ten, six-piece micro packs that are great for the tiny hands of children. The youthful market chews gum for a number of reasons. Research noted that the youthful market chewed gum as a culture. Individuals in this market segment associated with the pop culture considered chewing gum as part of the culture. In addition, most of the consumers in this market segment chew gum to keep their breath fresh. Many youthful individuals interviewed by Jargon (2013) agreed that they carried a packet or two of chewing gum when going for dates. Various youthful individuals in dental care also used the product. The seal of acceptance by the American Dental Association influenced the choice of many youths to chew gum. The dental benefits that individuals

Death penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Death penalty - Essay Example penalty. Their contention is that justice, which is the basic tenet of the legal system, mandates that the punishment is appropriate to the seriousness of the crime. Here, the death penalty is the only punishment which is in proportion to the crime of depriving the victim of life. As murder violates the sanctity of life, justice is served only by the award of the death penalty. 1 Deterrence is another argument advanced by advocates of the death penalty. While the deterrent effect may not operate in sudden crimes of passion, â€Å"There are carefully calculated murders, such as murder for hire, where the possible penalty of death may well enter the cold calculus that precedes the decision to act.†2 The fear of the finality of death is definitely more of a deterrent than any alternative, such as life imprisonment. Even when the deterrent effects of the death penalty cannot be conclusively proved, its’ adherents assert that, if deterrence holds good, the innocent lives of future victims have been saved and if deterrence fails, the only consequence is the execution of a convicted murderer. Abolitionists hold the arbitrariness of the death penalty to be a major reason for it to be repudiated. This includes disparities in (1) region – the execution of the death penalty is concentrated in the Southern states; (2) race – blacks receive the death penalty at a 38% higher rate than other defendants; (3) legal representation – indigent defendants are often assigned incompetent defense attorneys; (4) jury misperception and bias.3 The advent of modern DNA testing has led to several exonerations of Death Row inmates, calling the execution of the death penalty into question by its’ opponents. Erroneous convictions are attributed to pressure on police and prosecutors to solve homicides, often resulting from the politicization of a crime, lack of eyewitness testimony, heightened publicity, juror bias, limited resources of

Discussion questions 1-6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion questions 1-6 - Assignment Example They both involve finding the minimum or maximum in a set of unfamiliar real variables. A good example is how petroleum products are usually transported, that is transportation from production point to the end user involves a wide range of modes of transport which include tank ships, rail tankers and pipelines. Each mode of transport here has disadvantages but are nonetheless each used in the transportation of petroleum products from the source to the end user. I do agree with Dustin in that a vector is a collection of data of the same type. Vectors help in that the minimize repetition and coding if there is a wide range of data of the same type. Vectors are good I that; they remove or add elements; it access character elements by their location indices and they iterate elements through any order. Vectors perform almost the same way as arrays but also give room for expanding. However they take up more memory space than arrays. This is to allow for future growth. This is also true. A vector is indeed a compilation of data of the same type. However, vectors are also implemented as dynamic arrays meaning that their elements can also be accessed using offsets pointers to the elements. Generally, vectors are generally the fastest when it comes to adding, removing and accessing elements from the end sequence. However, in some situations they don’t perform well. These situations include when removing and adding elements in other positions other than the sequence end This is true, an array should also be declared before being implemented. You should feed the compiler what type of array being defined. Arrays take up less space than vectors hence limiting their efficiency. However, arrays are best used when the data is minimal and when removing and adding elements that are not at the end of the sequence. This is true. Arrays are referred to low level abstraction because they cannot be defined and the code

Week 2 diss 1 Across the World, Industrial History Repeats Itself Essay

Week 2 diss 1 Across the World, Industrial History Repeats Itself - Essay Example The roles that, the citizens play as consumers as the country strives for a fast-growing and sustainable economy would also be highlighted. The industrialization of the United States of America after Reconstruction was a period that, the black southerners were used to achieve industrialization in the North. The end of Reconstruction signaled the end of racial equality as the blacks now fell swiftly into a phase of inequality and exploitation (Healey, 2011). Because of this, the African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans were used to achieve industrialization in the North after Reconstruction as they were mainly used as laborers (Healey, 2011). This is quite similar to the modernization of the American workforce in the past twenty to thirty years. However, this is not a case of the blacks from the south being used as laborers in the industrialization of the country in the past twenty to thirty years; blacks from different parts of the world have been used for outsourcing-jobs, since their services are usually cheaper than their white counterparts are. Thus, the industrialization of the United States of Am erica after Reconstruction and the modernization of the American workforce in the past twenty to thirty years are quite similar as African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans were used to fuel the economy at these periods (Healey, 2011). During the industrialization era in the United States of America, the blacks from the southern part of the country migrated to the Northern states in search of improved means of livelihood as industrialization was on the increase in the Northern part of the country at that period (Healey, 2011). Due to the racial segregation of the blacks in the South, the blacks had no option than to embark on mass migration to the Northern parts of the country. The hard times that hit Southern Agriculture also

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 24

Marketing - Essay Example However, the emergence of the Internet as a purchasing medium has also meant that consumer privacy may be compromised, since it is possible for online marketers to access information about consumers in a manner that the consumers may be unable to detect, such as through the use of cookies, spyware and adware to capture a richer base of data than that which is actually divulged by the consumer.(Ashworth and Free, 2006) In order to complete an online transaction, a consumer must of necessity divulge personal and financial information online, which poses a significant threat to the privacy of the consumer, since unauthorized individuals may hack into such information and misuse it. In recognition of the danger of leaking of such sensitive information, the Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act was signed into law on December 4, 2003, designed to allow consumers to safeguard their sensitive information and make it federally actionable when such data is used inappropriately.(Moye 2006) . While consumer concern over the unauthorized use of their financial information is justified, such activities are carried only by a minority of individuals, therefore if consumers react to this by completing blocking off provision of any kind of information, this may ultimately compromise their own interests. When consumers provide information about their preferences and purchasing patterns online, they can enjoy the benefits of online shopping with all its attendant convenience and savings in time and energy. Moreover, marketers use such information for product targeting that is in accordance with the personal preferences and tastes of the consumer, thereby allowing the consumer access to a wide variety of personalized goods and services. Therefore, the time that a consumer may spend on the Internet browsing products will be very fruitful in finding Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 6 Marketing - Essay Example In order to dissect the needs of the target audience a market analysis in for of a research shall be initiated and carried out continuously with the sole purpose of ensuring that the messages communicated to prospective lawyers are affected and are not a waste of money. To ensure generalization and the reaching out to as many target audience as possible the plan shall be laid out in such as way as to consider all the geographical zones in the country. In a bid to understand better CSSO’s environment, competitor analysis, was carried out; these include private law firms which are very good at attracting the best lawyers in the country, and the foreign law firms such as those in the US have been identified due to the fact that they offer very competitive salaries and therefore most law graduates head directly to there. The committee overseeing the IMP shall therefore be meeting bi-weekly to brainstorm and keep track of the program as well as sprucing it up In order to ensure effectiveness there shall be initial assessment on messages to prospective audience in order to ensure that the messages are meeting their purpose. The marketing plan will be tailored to be an ongoing scheme but not a one-use strategy. Since the projected kick-off for the program is January 2007, the budget shall factor in any chances of cost variation. In a recent staff meeting chaired by the CEO, it was noted that the ‘the organization was facing an imminent danger of collapsing if it can not attract and retain the best lawyers in the country did not shock many. In fact the situation has been clearly pointed out and brought forth in most of the staff meetings in the recent years. The organization’s IMP is set to change the trends in favor of a more vibrant public law office. Therefore the IMP serves as the link between the future performance of the public law office and the present, it shall further aim at

Cambodia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cambodia - Essay Example This was a strategy to strengthen their rule in their territory. The modernization of the monetary system in Cambodia by introducing the tax system to the natives would be necessary (Corfield, 2009). The surrounding waters facilitated most of the transportation activities in the colonial territory. The water from the sea was used for irrigation activities on the rice plantation. Industries relied on water for running most of their activities such as rubber processing. Additionally, the colonizers constructed watchtowers for guarding their territories on the surrounding waters. The impacts of colonial activities are still evident in the modern day Cambodia. As such, the natives are educating themselves based on the teachings of their colonizers. Cambodia is trading in rubber and corn as it was during colonialism (Corfield, 2009). The colonization process developed the infrastructure in use today during their rule in Cambodia. Cambodia is still trading with the French. Moreover, the country exports rice as one of their main cash crop as it was in the past. If the area were to be colonized, it would be better to commercialize trade throughout Cambodian colonial territory. Restriction on relationship with the Chinese will be eliminated for the benefit of the entire masses. Nationalism should be introduced in line with the principles advocated for by the traditional monarchs (Corfield, 2009). This will minimize the resistance that the colonizers faced from the natives. It is expected that Cambodians will adopt some of the aspects of life introduced to them by the colonizers to suit their own

How do people survive a catastrophe Research Paper

How do people survive a catastrophe - Research Paper Example No one wants to go through a flood or wish this upon anyone else, but they do happen. Pre-preparation for flood protection include: Avoid building in a flood plain, if possible, strongly consider buying flood insurance and elevate and reinforce the home, consider elevating the HVAC, electric panels, etc. for protection from flood waters (Schneider, 65). Consider constructing outside barriers for rising water protection; develop an emergency kit with required medicines, nonperishable foods and sufficient bottled water to cover the family for several days. Also, develop an evacuation and communication plan, orienting the family with its contents (Bierens, 34). Flood survival tips include listening to the radio and television for weather information. If a flash flood is a possibility, move to higher ground and do not wait for instructions to move. Be aware of rivers, streams, drainage channels and other areas known to flood easily. Flash floods can occur with very little warning, such as rain clouds or heavy rain. Before leaving the home cut off the utilities, close open valves and disconnect electrical appliances. Do not touch electrical equipment if you’re wet or standing in water, do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you. After the flood avoid floodwaters. Since floodwater could be contaminated with oil, gasoline, raw sewage and other substances. Water may also be electrically charged from underground or downed power lines. Stay away from down power lines and repo rt them to the utility company. Stay out of buildings that are surrounded by floodwaters. Use caution when entering buildings (Hamilton, 104). The foundation could have hidden damage. Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, or pits as soon as possible. Damaged

Expound deeper meanings of the movie The Strangers (2008) Essay

Expound deeper meanings of the movie The Strangers (2008) - Essay Example The review further finds that the film deviates from the usual blood and gore but focuses on being â€Å"suspenseful and brilliantly invested in silence† (par.2). Thus, obviously, the movie’s purpose is not to present the usual graphic flicks of violence and bloodshed in the name of horror but to illustrate the intricacies of human life, where the â€Å"seeming† differs from the â€Å"real.† Thus, the movie subtly portrays a hidden meaning that the house that appears to be safe hosts horrors lurking beneath the surface and the couple who seems to be so close are in fact distanced from each other. In the beginning of the movie, as the couple drives across the street, the audience views a serene, peaceful and calm neighborhood, with several houses that look quiet elegant and clean, with beautiful gardens. Thus, overall the impression one gathers is that of a safe and tranquil environment. Then the movie shows blood on the wall and a gun as the audiences list ens to a 911 report in progress. Thus, by contrasting a serene environment with the telltale signs of brutal violence, the movie reveals that there is a hidden meaning about the home and that all is not well as it seems. The movie then goes into the flashback mode, showing the events that resulted in the distress call. The couple has been to a marriage reception and they decide to take a retreat at the residence, which is the summer home of the boy’s family. Thus, for the couple there exists the presumption of safety attached to the villa. However, as the couple enters the home and takes a walk around the audience can feel a disconcerting aura around the home, which is one of the most significant elements for making it a subtle horror movie. The creepiness enhances as the film progresses, especially with the introduction of the girl, who knocks at the door, asking for Tamara. From then on, the concept of safety of the home dissipates and fear starts creeping in. Thus, the mov ie reveals that there is something hidden about the home, a lurking primeval fear below its calm and serene appearance. A while after they reach the home, James, the protagonist, proposes to Kristen, saying â€Å"I remember the first time I saw you,† which suggests that the couple have been seeing each other for a while (Bryan 2008). However, Kristen refuses. Thus, the audience receives the first hint that though they appear familiar with each other, there is something that separates them. As the movie progresses, the audience feels an undercurrent of tension that mounts between them. It becomes more pronounced when James begins to have the ice cream without waiting for his girlfriend, though he knows she will join him soon. The accompanying music in these scenes accentuates the tension between them. Subsequently, James offers the ring back to Kristen telling her, â€Å"Take it because I can’t take it back† (Bryan 2008). Kristen does not respond and keeps runnin g her fingers through her untied hair. However, when James offers her the wine bottle from which he has taken a swig, she accepts and takes herself a swig too. This gesture connotes to a personal bonding, which, in fact, does not exist between them. Thus, though both these characters act as if they are quite familiar with each other, their closeness is literally wearing off. Besides, though the couple shows certain intimacy between, their relationship does not seem mature enough to culminate into a